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HOT ISSUE: Canine Influenza
Canine influenza is an emerging pathogen in dogs. It was first identified during an outbreak of respiratory disease in racing greyhounds at a Florida racetrack. The virus has been identified as Influenza A H3N8, a strain closely related to the equine influenza virus. H3N8 influenza has infected horses for more than 40 years. A recent Science Express report discusses the "transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs" (www.sciencexpress.org / 29 September 2005 / Page 2/ 10.1126/science.1117950). The authors found seropositive Florida greyhounds as early as 2000 and these cases correlated to outbreaks of unknown respiratory disease from 1999-2003. Canine influenza has been suspected or confirmed in Florida, Texas, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Iowa, Colorado, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Kansas, and last week, in California (Los Angeles County). Cases are not limited to racing greyhounds and have been identified in pets and at animal shelters.
A veterinarian in Inglewood, CA, reported four confirmed cases of canine influenza last week. All four dogs had been at a single boarding facility at various times in August. Two of the dogs developed pneumonia, while the other two had milder symptoms (cough, sneezing). One of the dogs died shortly after becoming ill. These are the first reported cases of canine influenza in California. Other suspected canine influenza outbreaks have been reported in Los Angeles and samples have been sent for confirmation.
There is no evidence that this strain of influenza infects humans. Every year local, state, and national health department monitor human influenza viruses, commonly known as the "Flu". They will be on the lookout for this strain.
The symptoms of canine influenza include cough, nasal discharge, fever, pneumonia and occasionally (1 -5%) death. Dogs become ill 2 to 5 days after being exposed and may be ill for 10-21 days. Typically, dogs are only contagious for the first 7 to 10 days of illness. Researchers have found that about 80% of dogs will have mild symptoms, up to 20% of infected dogs do not show any symptoms, and 1-5% of cases will be fatal. Asymptomatic dogs will make containment of this infection difficult. Aerosolized respiratory secretions and fomites, including contaminated inanimate objects or people, can spread the virus.
Kennel cough refers to a clinical syndrome that can be caused by a number of different infectious agents. Most commonly, kennel cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica. Parainfluenza virus is another common cause of kennel cough. Both agents have commercial vaccines that provide protection for dogs. These vaccines do not offer cross protection for canine influenza virus.
Please contact your veterinarian or the San Diego County Veterinarian if you have any questions
A veterinarian in Inglewood, CA, reported four confirmed cases of canine influenza last week. All four dogs had been at a single boarding facility at various times in August. Two of the dogs developed pneumonia, while the other two had milder symptoms (cough, sneezing). One of the dogs died shortly after becoming ill. These are the first reported cases of canine influenza in California. Other suspected canine influenza outbreaks have been reported in Los Angeles and samples have been sent for confirmation.
There is no evidence that this strain of influenza infects humans. Every year local, state, and national health department monitor human influenza viruses, commonly known as the "Flu". They will be on the lookout for this strain.
The symptoms of canine influenza include cough, nasal discharge, fever, pneumonia and occasionally (1 -5%) death. Dogs become ill 2 to 5 days after being exposed and may be ill for 10-21 days. Typically, dogs are only contagious for the first 7 to 10 days of illness. Researchers have found that about 80% of dogs will have mild symptoms, up to 20% of infected dogs do not show any symptoms, and 1-5% of cases will be fatal. Asymptomatic dogs will make containment of this infection difficult. Aerosolized respiratory secretions and fomites, including contaminated inanimate objects or people, can spread the virus.
Kennel cough refers to a clinical syndrome that can be caused by a number of different infectious agents. Most commonly, kennel cough is caused by the bacteria Bordetella bronchiseptica. Parainfluenza virus is another common cause of kennel cough. Both agents have commercial vaccines that provide protection for dogs. These vaccines do not offer cross protection for canine influenza virus.
Please contact your veterinarian or the San Diego County Veterinarian if you have any questions
Nikos Gurfield, DVM, Dipl. ACVP
County Veterinarian
San Diego County Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
5555 Overland Avenue, Bldg. 4
San Diego, CA 92123
Ph: (858) 694-2838
Fax: (858) 571-4268
Additional information is available from: County Veterinarian
San Diego County Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
5555 Overland Avenue, Bldg. 4
San Diego, CA 92123
Ph: (858) 694-2838
Fax: (858) 571-4268
The Centers for Disease Control (http://www.cdc.gov/)
About.com (http://vetmedicine.about.com/b/a/206693.htm?terms=canine+influenza)
About.com (http://vetmedicine.about.com/b/a/206693.htm?terms=canine+influenza)
Source: http://www.sancarlosvet.com/Other/Misc/CanineFlu2.shtml